Module java.xml.bind
Package javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters

Class XmlAdapter<ValueType,BoundType>

  • Type Parameters:
    BoundType - The type that JAXB doesn't know how to handle. An adapter is written to allow this type to be used as an in-memory representation through the ValueType.
    ValueType - The type that JAXB knows how to handle out of the box.
    Direct Known Subclasses:
    CollapsedStringAdapter, HexBinaryAdapter, NormalizedStringAdapter

    public abstract class XmlAdapter<ValueType,BoundType>
extends Object
    Adapts a Java type for custom marshaling.

    Usage:

    Some Java types do not map naturally to an XML representation, for example HashMap or other non JavaBean classes. Conversely, an XML representation may map to a Java type but an application may choose to access the XML representation using another Java type. For example, the schema to Java binding rules bind xs:DateTime by default to XmlGregorianCalendar. But an application may desire to bind xs:DateTime to a custom type, MyXmlGregorianCalendar, for example. In both cases, there is a mismatch between bound type , used by an application to access XML content and the value type, that is mapped to an XML representation.

    This abstract class defines methods for adapting a bound type to a value type or vice versa. The methods are invoked by the JAXB binding framework during marshaling and unmarshalling:

    • XmlAdapter.marshal(...): During marshalling, JAXB binding framework invokes XmlAdapter.marshal(..) to adapt a bound type to value type, which is then marshaled to XML representation.
    • XmlAdapter.unmarshal(...): During unmarshalling, JAXB binding framework first unmarshals XML representation to a value type and then invokes XmlAdapter.unmarshal(..) to adapt the value type to a bound type.
    Writing an adapter therefore involves the following steps:
    • Write an adapter that implements this abstract class.
    • Install the adapter using the annotation XmlJavaTypeAdapter

    Example: Customized mapping of HashMap

    The following example illustrates the use of @XmlAdapter and @XmlJavaTypeAdapter to customize the mapping of a HashMap.

    Step 1: Determine the desired XML representation for HashMap. 

    
     <hashmap>
         <entry key="id123">this is a value</entry>
         <entry key="id312">this is another value</entry>
         ...
     </hashmap>

    Step 2: Determine the schema definition that the desired XML representation shown above should follow. 

    

     <xs:complexType name="myHashMapType">
       <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name="entry" type="myHashMapEntryType"
                        minOccurs = "0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>

     <xs:complexType name="myHashMapEntryType">
       <xs:simpleContent>
         <xs:extension base="xs:string">
           <xs:attribute name="key" type="xs:int"/>
         </xs:extension>
       </xs:simpleContent>
     </xs:complexType>

    Step 3: Write value types that can generate the above schema definition. 

         public class MyHashMapType {
         List<MyHashMapEntryType> entry;
     }

     public class MyHashMapEntryType {
         @XmlAttribute
         public Integer key;

         @XmlValue
         public String value;
     }

    Step 4: Write the adapter that adapts the value type, MyHashMapType to a bound type, HashMap, used by the application. 

    
     public final class MyHashMapAdapter extends
                        XmlAdapter<MyHashMapType,HashMap> { ... }

    Step 5: Use the adapter. 

         public class Foo {
         @XmlJavaTypeAdapter(MyHashMapAdapter.class)
         HashMap hashmap;
         ...
     }
    The above code fragment will map to the following schema: 
    
     <xs:complexType name="Foo">
       <xs:sequence>
         <xs:element name="hashmap" type="myHashMapType">
       </xs:sequence>
     </xs:complexType>
    Since:
    1.6, JAXB 2.0
    See Also:
    XmlJavaTypeAdapter

    • Constructor Detail

      • XmlAdapter

        protected XmlAdapter​()
        Do-nothing constructor for the derived classes.

    • Method Detail

      • unmarshal

        public abstract BoundType unmarshal​(ValueType v)
                             throws Exception
        Convert a value type to a bound type.
        Parameters:
        v - The value to be converted. Can be null.
        Throws:
        Exception - if there's an error during the conversion. The caller is responsible for reporting the error to the user through ValidationEventHandler.

      • marshal

        public abstract ValueType marshal​(BoundType v)
                           throws Exception
        Convert a bound type to a value type.
        Parameters:
        v - The value to be convereted. Can be null.
        Throws:
        Exception - if there's an error during the conversion. The caller is responsible for reporting the error to the user through ValidationEventHandler.