Module java.base
Package java.time.chrono

Interface ChronoZonedDateTime<D extends ChronoLocalDate>

Type Parameters:
D - the concrete type for the date of this date-time
All Superinterfaces:
Comparable<ChronoZonedDateTime<?>>, Temporal, TemporalAccessor
All Known Implementing Classes:
ZonedDateTime
public interface ChronoZonedDateTime<D extends ChronoLocalDate>
extends Temporal, Comparable<ChronoZonedDateTime<?>>
A date-time with a time-zone in an arbitrary chronology, intended for advanced globalization use cases.

Most applications should declare method signatures, fields and variables as ZonedDateTime, not this interface.

A ChronoZonedDateTime is the abstract representation of an offset date-time where the Chronology chronology, or calendar system, is pluggable. The date-time is defined in terms of fields expressed by TemporalField, where most common implementations are defined in ChronoField. The chronology defines how the calendar system operates and the meaning of the standard fields.

When to use this interface

The design of the API encourages the use of ZonedDateTime rather than this interface, even in the case where the application needs to deal with multiple calendar systems. The rationale for this is explored in detail in ChronoLocalDate.

Ensure that the discussion in ChronoLocalDate has been read and understood before using this interface.

Implementation Requirements:
This interface must be implemented with care to ensure other classes operate correctly. All implementations that can be instantiated must be final, immutable and thread-safe. Subclasses should be Serializable wherever possible.
Since:
1.8

  • Method Details

    • timeLineOrder

      static Comparator<ChronoZonedDateTime<?>> timeLineOrder()
      Gets a comparator that compares ChronoZonedDateTime in time-line order ignoring the chronology.

      This comparator differs from the comparison in compareTo(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>) in that it only compares the underlying instant and not the chronology. This allows dates in different calendar systems to be compared based on the position of the date-time on the instant time-line. The underlying comparison is equivalent to comparing the epoch-second and nano-of-second.

      Returns:
      a comparator that compares in time-line order ignoring the chronology
      See Also:
      isAfter(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>), isBefore(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>), isEqual(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>)

    • from

      static ChronoZonedDateTime<?> from​(TemporalAccessor temporal)
      Obtains an instance of ChronoZonedDateTime from a temporal object.

      This creates a zoned date-time based on the specified temporal. A TemporalAccessor represents an arbitrary set of date and time information, which this factory converts to an instance of ChronoZonedDateTime.

      The conversion extracts and combines the chronology, date, time and zone from the temporal object. The behavior is equivalent to using Chronology.zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor) with the extracted chronology. Implementations are permitted to perform optimizations such as accessing those fields that are equivalent to the relevant objects.

      This method matches the signature of the functional interface TemporalQuery allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, ChronoZonedDateTime::from.

      Parameters:
      temporal - the temporal object to convert, not null
      Returns:
      the date-time, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if unable to convert to a ChronoZonedDateTime
      See Also:
      Chronology.zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor)

    • toLocalDate

      default D toLocalDate()
      Gets the local date part of this date-time.

      This returns a local date with the same year, month and day as this date-time.

      Returns:
      the date part of this date-time, not null

    • toLocalTime

      default LocalTime toLocalTime()
      Gets the local time part of this date-time.

      This returns a local time with the same hour, minute, second and nanosecond as this date-time.

      Returns:
      the time part of this date-time, not null

    • toLocalDateTime

      ChronoLocalDateTime<D> toLocalDateTime()
      Gets the local date-time part of this date-time.

      This returns a local date with the same year, month and day as this date-time.

      Returns:
      the local date-time part of this date-time, not null

    • getChronology

      default Chronology getChronology()
      Gets the chronology of this date-time.

      The Chronology represents the calendar system in use. The era and other fields in ChronoField are defined by the chronology.

      Returns:
      the chronology, not null

    • getOffset

      ZoneOffset getOffset()
      Gets the zone offset, such as '+01:00'.

      This is the offset of the local date-time from UTC/Greenwich.

      Returns:
      the zone offset, not null

    • getZone

      ZoneId getZone()
      Gets the zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris'.

      This returns the stored time-zone id used to determine the time-zone rules.

      Returns:
      the zone ID, not null

    • withEarlierOffsetAtOverlap

      ChronoZonedDateTime<D> withEarlierOffsetAtOverlap()
      Returns a copy of this date-time changing the zone offset to the earlier of the two valid offsets at a local time-line overlap.

      This method only has any effect when the local time-line overlaps, such as at an autumn daylight savings cutover. In this scenario, there are two valid offsets for the local date-time. Calling this method will return a zoned date-time with the earlier of the two selected.

      If this method is called when it is not an overlap, this is returned.

      This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

      Returns:
      a ChronoZonedDateTime based on this date-time with the earlier offset, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if no rules can be found for the zone
      DateTimeException - if no rules are valid for this date-time

    • withLaterOffsetAtOverlap

      ChronoZonedDateTime<D> withLaterOffsetAtOverlap()
      Returns a copy of this date-time changing the zone offset to the later of the two valid offsets at a local time-line overlap.

      This method only has any effect when the local time-line overlaps, such as at an autumn daylight savings cutover. In this scenario, there are two valid offsets for the local date-time. Calling this method will return a zoned date-time with the later of the two selected.

      If this method is called when it is not an overlap, this is returned.

      This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

      Returns:
      a ChronoZonedDateTime based on this date-time with the later offset, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if no rules can be found for the zone
      DateTimeException - if no rules are valid for this date-time

    • withZoneSameLocal

      ChronoZonedDateTime<D> withZoneSameLocal​(ZoneId zone)
      Returns a copy of this date-time with a different time-zone, retaining the local date-time if possible.

      This method changes the time-zone and retains the local date-time. The local date-time is only changed if it is invalid for the new zone.

      To change the zone and adjust the local date-time, use withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId).

      This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

      Parameters:
      zone - the time-zone to change to, not null
      Returns:
      a ChronoZonedDateTime based on this date-time with the requested zone, not null

    • withZoneSameInstant

      ChronoZonedDateTime<D> withZoneSameInstant​(ZoneId zone)
      Returns a copy of this date-time with a different time-zone, retaining the instant.

      This method changes the time-zone and retains the instant. This normally results in a change to the local date-time.

      This method is based on retaining the same instant, thus gaps and overlaps in the local time-line have no effect on the result.

      To change the offset while keeping the local time, use withZoneSameLocal(ZoneId).

      Parameters:
      zone - the time-zone to change to, not null
      Returns:
      a ChronoZonedDateTime based on this date-time with the requested zone, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the result exceeds the supported date range

    • isSupported

      boolean isSupported​(TemporalField field)
      Checks if the specified field is supported.

      This checks if the specified field can be queried on this date-time. If false, then calling the range, get and with(TemporalField, long) methods will throw an exception.

      The set of supported fields is defined by the chronology and normally includes all ChronoField fields.

      If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.

      Specified by:
      isSupported in interface TemporalAccessor
      Parameters:
      field - the field to check, null returns false
      Returns:
      true if the field can be queried, false if not

    • isSupported

      default boolean isSupported​(TemporalUnit unit)
      Checks if the specified unit is supported.

      This checks if the specified unit can be added to or subtracted from this date-time. If false, then calling the plus(long, TemporalUnit) and minus methods will throw an exception.

      The set of supported units is defined by the chronology and normally includes all ChronoUnit units except FOREVER.

      If the unit is not a ChronoUnit, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalUnit.isSupportedBy(Temporal) passing this as the argument. Whether the unit is supported is determined by the unit.

      Specified by:
      isSupported in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      unit - the unit to check, null returns false
      Returns:
      true if the unit can be added/subtracted, false if not

    • with

      default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> with​(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)
      Returns an adjusted object of the same type as this object with the adjustment made.

      This adjusts this date-time according to the rules of the specified adjuster. A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field. A more complex adjuster might set the date to the last day of the month. A selection of common adjustments is provided in TemporalAdjusters. These include finding the "last day of the month" and "next Wednesday". The adjuster is responsible for handling special cases, such as the varying lengths of month and leap years.

      Some example code indicating how and why this method is used: 

        date = date.with(Month.JULY);        // most key classes implement TemporalAdjuster
  date = date.with(lastDayOfMonth());  // static import from Adjusters
  date = date.with(next(WEDNESDAY));   // static import from Adjusters and DayOfWeek

      Specified by:
      with in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      adjuster - the adjuster to use, not null
      Returns:
      an object of the same type with the specified adjustment made, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if unable to make the adjustment
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs

    • with

      ChronoZonedDateTime<D> with​(TemporalField field, long newValue)
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified field altered.

      This returns a new object based on this one with the value for the specified field changed. For example, on a LocalDate, this could be used to set the year, month or day-of-month. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object.

      In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st January, then changing the month to February would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.

      Specified by:
      with in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      field - the field to set in the result, not null
      newValue - the new value of the field in the result
      Returns:
      an object of the same type with the specified field set, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the field cannot be set
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs

    • plus

      default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> plus​(TemporalAmount amount)
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount added.

      This adjusts this temporal, adding according to the rules of the specified amount. The amount is typically a Period but may be any other type implementing the TemporalAmount interface, such as Duration.

      Some example code indicating how and why this method is used: 

        date = date.plus(period);                // add a Period instance
  date = date.plus(duration);              // add a Duration instance
  date = date.plus(workingDays(6));        // example user-written workingDays method

      Note that calling plus followed by minus is not guaranteed to return the same date-time.

      Specified by:
      plus in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      amount - the amount to add, not null
      Returns:
      an object of the same type with the specified adjustment made, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the addition cannot be made
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs

    • plus

      ChronoZonedDateTime<D> plus​(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit)
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period added.

      This method returns a new object based on this one with the specified period added. For example, on a LocalDate, this could be used to add a number of years, months or days. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object.

      In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st January, then adding one month would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.

      Specified by:
      plus in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      amountToAdd - the amount of the specified unit to add, may be negative
      unit - the unit of the amount to add, not null
      Returns:
      an object of the same type with the specified period added, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the unit cannot be added
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs

    • minus

      default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> minus​(TemporalAmount amount)
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount subtracted.

      This adjusts this temporal, subtracting according to the rules of the specified amount. The amount is typically a Period but may be any other type implementing the TemporalAmount interface, such as Duration.

      Some example code indicating how and why this method is used: 

        date = date.minus(period);               // subtract a Period instance
  date = date.minus(duration);             // subtract a Duration instance
  date = date.minus(workingDays(6));       // example user-written workingDays method

      Note that calling plus followed by minus is not guaranteed to return the same date-time.

      Specified by:
      minus in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      amount - the amount to subtract, not null
      Returns:
      an object of the same type with the specified adjustment made, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the subtraction cannot be made
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs

    • minus

      default ChronoZonedDateTime<D> minus​(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit)
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period subtracted.

      This method returns a new object based on this one with the specified period subtracted. For example, on a LocalDate, this could be used to subtract a number of years, months or days. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object.

      In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st March, then subtracting one month would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.

      Specified by:
      minus in interface Temporal
      Parameters:
      amountToSubtract - the amount of the specified unit to subtract, may be negative
      unit - the unit of the amount to subtract, not null
      Returns:
      an object of the same type with the specified period subtracted, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if the unit cannot be subtracted
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs

    • query

      default <R> R query​(TemporalQuery<R> query)
      Queries this date-time using the specified query.

      This queries this date-time using the specified query strategy object. The TemporalQuery object defines the logic to be used to obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand what the result of this method will be.

      The result of this method is obtained by invoking the TemporalQuery.queryFrom(TemporalAccessor) method on the specified query passing this as the argument.

      Specified by:
      query in interface TemporalAccessor
      Type Parameters:
      R - the type of the result
      Parameters:
      query - the query to invoke, not null
      Returns:
      the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if unable to query (defined by the query)
      ArithmeticException - if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)

    • format

      default String format​(DateTimeFormatter formatter)
      Formats this date-time using the specified formatter.

      This date-time will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.

      The default implementation must behave as follows: 

        return formatter.format(this);

      Parameters:
      formatter - the formatter to use, not null
      Returns:
      the formatted date-time string, not null
      Throws:
      DateTimeException - if an error occurs during printing

    • toInstant

      default Instant toInstant()
      Converts this date-time to an Instant.

      This returns an Instant representing the same point on the time-line as this date-time. The calculation combines the local date-time and offset.

      Returns:
      an Instant representing the same instant, not null

    • toEpochSecond

      default long toEpochSecond()
      Converts this date-time to the number of seconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.

      This uses the local date-time and offset to calculate the epoch-second value, which is the number of elapsed seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Instants on the time-line after the epoch are positive, earlier are negative.

      Returns:
      the number of seconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z

    • compareTo

      default int compareTo​(ChronoZonedDateTime<?> other)
      Compares this date-time to another date-time, including the chronology.

      The comparison is based first on the instant, then on the local date-time, then on the zone ID, then on the chronology. It is "consistent with equals", as defined by Comparable.

      If all the date-time objects being compared are in the same chronology, then the additional chronology stage is not required.

      This default implementation performs the comparison defined above.

      Specified by:
      compareTo in interface Comparable<D extends ChronoLocalDate>
      Parameters:
      other - the other date-time to compare to, not null
      Returns:
      the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater

    • isBefore

      default boolean isBefore​(ChronoZonedDateTime<?> other)
      Checks if the instant of this date-time is before that of the specified date-time.

      This method differs from the comparison in compareTo(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>) in that it only compares the instant of the date-time. This is equivalent to using dateTime1.toInstant().isBefore(dateTime2.toInstant());.

      This default implementation performs the comparison based on the epoch-second and nano-of-second.

      Parameters:
      other - the other date-time to compare to, not null
      Returns:
      true if this point is before the specified date-time

    • isAfter

      default boolean isAfter​(ChronoZonedDateTime<?> other)
      Checks if the instant of this date-time is after that of the specified date-time.

      This method differs from the comparison in compareTo(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>) in that it only compares the instant of the date-time. This is equivalent to using dateTime1.toInstant().isAfter(dateTime2.toInstant());.

      This default implementation performs the comparison based on the epoch-second and nano-of-second.

      Parameters:
      other - the other date-time to compare to, not null
      Returns:
      true if this is after the specified date-time

    • isEqual

      default boolean isEqual​(ChronoZonedDateTime<?> other)
      Checks if the instant of this date-time is equal to that of the specified date-time.

      This method differs from the comparison in compareTo(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>) and equals(java.lang.Object) in that it only compares the instant of the date-time. This is equivalent to using dateTime1.toInstant().equals(dateTime2.toInstant());.

      This default implementation performs the comparison based on the epoch-second and nano-of-second.

      Parameters:
      other - the other date-time to compare to, not null
      Returns:
      true if the instant equals the instant of the specified date-time

    • equals

      boolean equals​(Object obj)
      Checks if this date-time is equal to another date-time.

      The comparison is based on the offset date-time and the zone. To compare for the same instant on the time-line, use compareTo(java.time.chrono.ChronoZonedDateTime<?>). Only objects of type ChronoZonedDateTime are compared, other types return false.

      Overrides:
      equals in class Object
      Parameters:
      obj - the object to check, null returns false
      Returns:
      true if this is equal to the other date-time
      See Also:
      Object.hashCode(), HashMap

    • hashCode

      int hashCode()
      A hash code for this date-time.
      Overrides:
      hashCode in class Object
      Returns:
      a suitable hash code
      See Also:
      Object.equals(java.lang.Object), System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)

    • toString

      String toString()
      Outputs this date-time as a String.

      The output will include the full zoned date-time.

      Overrides:
      toString in class Object
      Returns:
      a string representation of this date-time, not null