public final class ZonedDateTime extends Object implements Temporal, ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>, Serializable
2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00 Europe/Paris
.
ZonedDateTime
is an immutable representation of a date-time with a time-zone.
This class stores all date and time fields, to a precision of nanoseconds,
and a time-zone, with a zone offset used to handle ambiguous local date-times.
For example, the value
"2nd October 2007 at 13:45.30.123456789 +02:00 in the Europe/Paris time-zone"
can be stored in a ZonedDateTime
.
This class handles conversion from the local time-line of LocalDateTime
to the instant time-line of Instant
.
The difference between the two time-lines is the offset from UTC/Greenwich,
represented by a ZoneOffset
.
Converting between the two time-lines involves calculating the offset using the
rules
accessed from the ZoneId
.
Obtaining the offset for an instant is simple, as there is exactly one valid
offset for each instant. By contrast, obtaining the offset for a local date-time
is not straightforward. There are three cases:
Any method that converts directly or implicitly from a local date-time to an instant by obtaining the offset has the potential to be complicated.
For Gaps, the general strategy is that if the local date-time falls in the middle of a Gap, then the resulting zoned date-time will have a local date-time shifted forwards by the length of the Gap, resulting in a date-time in the later offset, typically "summer" time.
For Overlaps, the general strategy is that if the local date-time falls in the
middle of an Overlap, then the previous offset will be retained. If there is no
previous offset, or the previous offset is invalid, then the earlier offset is
used, typically "summer" time.. Two additional methods,
withEarlierOffsetAtOverlap()
and withLaterOffsetAtOverlap()
,
help manage the case of an overlap.
In terms of design, this class should be viewed primarily as the combination
of a LocalDateTime
and a ZoneId
. The ZoneOffset
is
a vital, but secondary, piece of information, used to ensure that the class
represents an instant, especially during a daylight savings overlap.
This is a value-based
class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality
(==
), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of
ZonedDateTime
may have unpredictable results and should be avoided.
The equals
method should be used for comparisons.
ZonedDateTime
holds state equivalent to three separate objects,
a LocalDateTime
, a ZoneId
and the resolved ZoneOffset
.
The offset and local date-time are used to define an instant when necessary.
The zone ID is used to obtain the rules for how and when the offset changes.
The offset cannot be freely set, as the zone controls which offsets are valid.
This class is immutable and thread-safe.
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
boolean |
equals(Object obj)
Checks if this date-time is equal to another date-time.
|
String |
format(DateTimeFormatter formatter)
Formats this date-time using the specified formatter.
|
static ZonedDateTime |
from(TemporalAccessor temporal)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a temporal object. |
int |
get(TemporalField field)
Gets the value of the specified field from this date-time as an
int . |
int |
getDayOfMonth()
Gets the day-of-month field.
|
DayOfWeek |
getDayOfWeek()
Gets the day-of-week field, which is an enum
DayOfWeek . |
int |
getDayOfYear()
Gets the day-of-year field.
|
int |
getHour()
Gets the hour-of-day field.
|
long |
getLong(TemporalField field)
Gets the value of the specified field from this date-time as a
long . |
int |
getMinute()
Gets the minute-of-hour field.
|
Month |
getMonth()
Gets the month-of-year field using the
Month enum. |
int |
getMonthValue()
Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
|
int |
getNano()
Gets the nano-of-second field.
|
ZoneOffset |
getOffset()
Gets the zone offset, such as '+01:00'.
|
int |
getSecond()
Gets the second-of-minute field.
|
int |
getYear()
Gets the year field.
|
ZoneId |
getZone()
Gets the time-zone, such as 'Europe/Paris'.
|
int |
hashCode()
A hash code for this date-time.
|
boolean |
isSupported(TemporalField field)
Checks if the specified field is supported.
|
boolean |
isSupported(TemporalUnit unit)
Checks if the specified unit is supported.
|
ZonedDateTime |
minus(long amountToSubtract,
TemporalUnit unit)
Returns a copy of this date-time with the specified amount subtracted.
|
ZonedDateTime |
minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract)
Returns a copy of this date-time with the specified amount subtracted.
|
ZonedDateTime |
minusDays(long days)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of days subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusHours(long hours)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of hours subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusMinutes(long minutes)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of minutes subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusMonths(long months)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of months subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusNanos(long nanos)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of nanoseconds subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusSeconds(long seconds)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of seconds subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusWeeks(long weeks)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of weeks subtracted. |
ZonedDateTime |
minusYears(long years)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of years subtracted. |
static ZonedDateTime |
now()
Obtains the current date-time from the system clock in the default time-zone.
|
static ZonedDateTime |
now(Clock clock)
Obtains the current date-time from the specified clock.
|
static ZonedDateTime |
now(ZoneId zone)
Obtains the current date-time from the system clock in the specified time-zone.
|
static ZonedDateTime |
of(int year,
int month,
int dayOfMonth,
int hour,
int minute,
int second,
int nanoOfSecond,
ZoneId zone)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a year, month, day,
hour, minute, second, nanosecond and time-zone. |
static ZonedDateTime |
of(LocalDate date,
LocalTime time,
ZoneId zone)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a local date and time. |
static ZonedDateTime |
of(LocalDateTime localDateTime,
ZoneId zone)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a local date-time. |
static ZonedDateTime |
ofInstant(Instant instant,
ZoneId zone)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from an Instant . |
static ZonedDateTime |
ofInstant(LocalDateTime localDateTime,
ZoneOffset offset,
ZoneId zone)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from the instant formed by combining
the local date-time and offset. |
static ZonedDateTime |
ofLocal(LocalDateTime localDateTime,
ZoneId zone,
ZoneOffset preferredOffset)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a local date-time
using the preferred offset if possible. |
static ZonedDateTime |
ofStrict(LocalDateTime localDateTime,
ZoneOffset offset,
ZoneId zone)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime strictly validating the
combination of local date-time, offset and zone ID. |
static ZonedDateTime |
parse(CharSequence text)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a text string such as
2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris] . |
static ZonedDateTime |
parse(CharSequence text,
DateTimeFormatter formatter)
Obtains an instance of
ZonedDateTime from a text string using a specific formatter. |
ZonedDateTime |
plus(long amountToAdd,
TemporalUnit unit)
Returns a copy of this date-time with the specified amount added.
|
ZonedDateTime |
plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd)
Returns a copy of this date-time with the specified amount added.
|
ZonedDateTime |
plusDays(long days)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of days added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusHours(long hours)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of hours added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusMinutes(long minutes)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of minutes added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusMonths(long months)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of months added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusNanos(long nanos)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of nanoseconds added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusSeconds(long seconds)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of seconds added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusWeeks(long weeks)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of weeks added. |
ZonedDateTime |
plusYears(long years)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the specified number of years added. |
<R> R |
query(TemporalQuery<R> query)
Queries this date-time using the specified query.
|
ValueRange |
range(TemporalField field)
Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
|
LocalDate |
toLocalDate()
Gets the
LocalDate part of this date-time. |
LocalDateTime |
toLocalDateTime()
Gets the
LocalDateTime part of this date-time. |
LocalTime |
toLocalTime()
Gets the
LocalTime part of this date-time. |
OffsetDateTime |
toOffsetDateTime()
Converts this date-time to an
OffsetDateTime . |
String |
toString()
Outputs this date-time as a
String , such as
2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris] . |
ZonedDateTime |
truncatedTo(TemporalUnit unit)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the time truncated. |
long |
until(Temporal endExclusive,
TemporalUnit unit)
Calculates the amount of time until another date-time in terms of the specified unit.
|
ZonedDateTime |
with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)
Returns an adjusted copy of this date-time.
|
ZonedDateTime |
with(TemporalField field,
long newValue)
Returns a copy of this date-time with the specified field set to a new value.
|
ZonedDateTime |
withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the day-of-month altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withDayOfYear(int dayOfYear)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the day-of-year altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withEarlierOffsetAtOverlap()
Returns a copy of this date-time changing the zone offset to the
earlier of the two valid offsets at a local time-line overlap.
|
ZonedDateTime |
withFixedOffsetZone()
Returns a copy of this date-time with the zone ID set to the offset.
|
ZonedDateTime |
withHour(int hour)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the hour-of-day altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withLaterOffsetAtOverlap()
Returns a copy of this date-time changing the zone offset to the
later of the two valid offsets at a local time-line overlap.
|
ZonedDateTime |
withMinute(int minute)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the minute-of-hour altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withMonth(int month)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the month-of-year altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withNano(int nanoOfSecond)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the nano-of-second altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withSecond(int second)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the second-of-minute altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withYear(int year)
Returns a copy of this
ZonedDateTime with the year altered. |
ZonedDateTime |
withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId zone)
Returns a copy of this date-time with a different time-zone,
retaining the instant.
|
ZonedDateTime |
withZoneSameLocal(ZoneId zone)
Returns a copy of this date-time with a different time-zone,
retaining the local date-time if possible.
|
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait
compareTo, getChronology, isAfter, isBefore, isEqual, timeLineOrder, toEpochSecond, toInstant
public static ZonedDateTime now()
This will query the system clock
in the default
time-zone to obtain the current date-time.
The zone and offset will be set based on the time-zone in the clock.
Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.
public static ZonedDateTime now(ZoneId zone)
This will query the system clock
to obtain the current date-time.
Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.
The offset will be calculated from the specified time-zone.
Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.
zone
- the zone ID to use, not nullpublic static ZonedDateTime now(Clock clock)
This will query the specified clock to obtain the current date-time. The zone and offset will be set based on the time-zone in the clock.
Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
The alternate clock may be introduced using dependency injection
.
clock
- the clock to use, not nullpublic static ZonedDateTime of(LocalDate date, LocalTime time, ZoneId zone)
ZonedDateTime
from a local date and time.
This creates a zoned date-time matching the input local date and time as closely as possible. Time-zone rules, such as daylight savings, mean that not every local date-time is valid for the specified zone, thus the local date-time may be adjusted.
The local date time and first combined to form a local date-time.
The local date-time is then resolved to a single instant on the time-line.
This is achieved by finding a valid offset from UTC/Greenwich for the local
date-time as defined by the rules
of the zone ID.
In most cases, there is only one valid offset for a local date-time. In the case of an overlap, when clocks are set back, there are two valid offsets. This method uses the earlier offset typically corresponding to "summer".
In the case of a gap, when clocks jump forward, there is no valid offset. Instead, the local date-time is adjusted to be later by the length of the gap. For a typical one hour daylight savings change, the local date-time will be moved one hour later into the offset typically corresponding to "summer".
date
- the local date, not nulltime
- the local time, not nullzone
- the time-zone, not nullpublic static ZonedDateTime of(LocalDateTime localDateTime, ZoneId zone)
ZonedDateTime
from a local date-time.
This creates a zoned date-time matching the input local date-time as closely as possible. Time-zone rules, such as daylight savings, mean that not every local date-time is valid for the specified zone, thus the local date-time may be adjusted.
The local date-time is resolved to a single instant on the time-line.
This is achieved by finding a valid offset from UTC/Greenwich for the local
date-time as defined by the rules
of the zone ID.
In most cases, there is only one valid offset for a local date-time. In the case of an overlap, when clocks are set back, there are two valid offsets. This method uses the earlier offset typically corresponding to "summer".
In the case of a gap, when clocks jump forward, there is no valid offset. Instead, the local date-time is adjusted to be later by the length of the gap. For a typical one hour daylight savings change, the local date-time will be moved one hour later into the offset typically corresponding to "summer".
localDateTime
- the local date-time, not nullzone
- the time-zone, not nullpublic static ZonedDateTime of(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int minute, int second, int nanoOfSecond, ZoneId zone)
ZonedDateTime
from a year, month, day,
hour, minute, second, nanosecond and time-zone.
This creates a zoned date-time matching the local date-time of the seven specified fields as closely as possible. Time-zone rules, such as daylight savings, mean that not every local date-time is valid for the specified zone, thus the local date-time may be adjusted.
The local date-time is resolved to a single instant on the time-line.
This is achieved by finding a valid offset from UTC/Greenwich for the local
date-time as defined by the rules
of the zone ID.
In most cases, there is only one valid offset for a local date-time. In the case of an overlap, when clocks are set back, there are two valid offsets. This method uses the earlier offset typically corresponding to "summer".
In the case of a gap, when clocks jump forward, there is no valid offset. Instead, the local date-time is adjusted to be later by the length of the gap. For a typical one hour daylight savings change, the local date-time will be moved one hour later into the offset typically corresponding to "summer".
This method exists primarily for writing test cases.
Non test-code will typically use other methods to create an offset time.
LocalDateTime
has five additional convenience variants of the
equivalent factory method taking fewer arguments.
They are not provided here to reduce the footprint of the API.
year
- the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEARmonth
- the month-of-year to represent, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)dayOfMonth
- the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31hour
- the hour-of-day to represent, from 0 to 23minute
- the minute-of-hour to represent, from 0 to 59second
- the second-of-minute to represent, from 0 to 59nanoOfSecond
- the nano-of-second to represent, from 0 to 999,999,999zone
- the time-zone, not nullDateTimeException
- if the value of any field is out of range, or
if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-yearpublic static ZonedDateTime ofLocal(LocalDateTime localDateTime, ZoneId zone, ZoneOffset preferredOffset)
ZonedDateTime
from a local date-time
using the preferred offset if possible.
The local date-time is resolved to a single instant on the time-line.
This is achieved by finding a valid offset from UTC/Greenwich for the local
date-time as defined by the rules
of the zone ID.
In most cases, there is only one valid offset for a local date-time. In the case of an overlap, where clocks are set back, there are two valid offsets. If the preferred offset is one of the valid offsets then it is used. Otherwise the earlier valid offset is used, typically corresponding to "summer".
In the case of a gap, where clocks jump forward, there is no valid offset. Instead, the local date-time is adjusted to be later by the length of the gap. For a typical one hour daylight savings change, the local date-time will be moved one hour later into the offset typically corresponding to "summer".
localDateTime
- the local date-time, not nullzone
- the time-zone, not nullpreferredOffset
- the zone offset, null if no preferencepublic static ZonedDateTime ofInstant(Instant instant, ZoneId zone)
ZonedDateTime
from an Instant
.
This creates a zoned date-time with the same instant as that specified.
Calling ChronoZonedDateTime.toInstant()
will return an instant equal to the one used here.
Converting an instant to a zoned date-time is simple as there is only one valid offset for each instant.
instant
- the instant to create the date-time from, not nullzone
- the time-zone, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported rangepublic static ZonedDateTime ofInstant(LocalDateTime localDateTime, ZoneOffset offset, ZoneId zone)
ZonedDateTime
from the instant formed by combining
the local date-time and offset.
This creates a zoned date-time by combining
the LocalDateTime
and ZoneOffset
.
This combination uniquely specifies an instant without ambiguity.
Converting an instant to a zoned date-time is simple as there is only one valid offset for each instant. If the valid offset is different to the offset specified, then the date-time and offset of the zoned date-time will differ from those specified.
If the ZoneId
to be used is a ZoneOffset
, this method is equivalent
to of(LocalDateTime, ZoneId)
.
localDateTime
- the local date-time, not nulloffset
- the zone offset, not nullzone
- the time-zone, not nullpublic static ZonedDateTime ofStrict(LocalDateTime localDateTime, ZoneOffset offset, ZoneId zone)
ZonedDateTime
strictly validating the
combination of local date-time, offset and zone ID.
This creates a zoned date-time ensuring that the offset is valid for the local date-time according to the rules of the specified zone. If the offset is invalid, an exception is thrown.
localDateTime
- the local date-time, not nulloffset
- the zone offset, not nullzone
- the time-zone, not nullpublic static ZonedDateTime from(TemporalAccessor temporal)
ZonedDateTime
from a temporal object.
This obtains a zoned date-time based on the specified temporal.
A TemporalAccessor
represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
which this factory converts to an instance of ZonedDateTime
.
The conversion will first obtain a ZoneId
from the temporal object,
falling back to a ZoneOffset
if necessary. It will then try to obtain
an Instant
, falling back to a LocalDateTime
if necessary.
The result will be either the combination of ZoneId
or ZoneOffset
with Instant
or LocalDateTime
.
Implementations are permitted to perform optimizations such as accessing
those fields that are equivalent to the relevant objects.
This method matches the signature of the functional interface TemporalQuery
allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, ZonedDateTime::from
.
from
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
temporal
- the temporal object to convert, not nullDateTimeException
- if unable to convert to an ZonedDateTime
Chronology.zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor)
public static ZonedDateTime parse(CharSequence text)
ZonedDateTime
from a text string such as
2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris]
.
The string must represent a valid date-time and is parsed using
DateTimeFormatter.ISO_ZONED_DATE_TIME
.
text
- the text to parse such as "2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris]", not nullDateTimeParseException
- if the text cannot be parsedpublic static ZonedDateTime parse(CharSequence text, DateTimeFormatter formatter)
ZonedDateTime
from a text string using a specific formatter.
The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a date-time.
text
- the text to parse, not nullformatter
- the formatter to use, not nullDateTimeParseException
- if the text cannot be parsedpublic boolean isSupported(TemporalField field)
This checks if this date-time can be queried for the specified field.
If false, then calling the range
,
get
and with(TemporalField, long)
methods will throw an exception.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields are:
NANO_OF_SECOND
NANO_OF_DAY
MICRO_OF_SECOND
MICRO_OF_DAY
MILLI_OF_SECOND
MILLI_OF_DAY
SECOND_OF_MINUTE
SECOND_OF_DAY
MINUTE_OF_HOUR
MINUTE_OF_DAY
HOUR_OF_AMPM
CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM
HOUR_OF_DAY
CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY
AMPM_OF_DAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH
ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR
DAY_OF_MONTH
DAY_OF_YEAR
EPOCH_DAY
ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH
ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR
MONTH_OF_YEAR
PROLEPTIC_MONTH
YEAR_OF_ERA
YEAR
ERA
INSTANT_SECONDS
OFFSET_SECONDS
ChronoField
instances will return false.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
isSupported
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
isSupported
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to check, null returns falsepublic boolean isSupported(TemporalUnit unit)
This checks if the specified unit can be added to, or subtracted from, this date-time.
If false, then calling the plus(long, TemporalUnit)
and
minus
methods will throw an exception.
If the unit is a ChronoUnit
then the query is implemented here.
The supported units are:
NANOS
MICROS
MILLIS
SECONDS
MINUTES
HOURS
HALF_DAYS
DAYS
WEEKS
MONTHS
YEARS
DECADES
CENTURIES
MILLENNIA
ERAS
ChronoUnit
instances will return false.
If the unit is not a ChronoUnit
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalUnit.isSupportedBy(Temporal)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the unit is supported is determined by the unit.
isSupported
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
isSupported
in interface Temporal
unit
- the unit to check, null returns falsepublic ValueRange range(TemporalField field)
The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field. This date-time is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields
will return
appropriate range instances.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
range
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
range
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to query the range for, not nullDateTimeException
- if the range for the field cannot be obtainedUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supportedpublic int get(TemporalField field)
int
.
This queries this date-time for the value of the specified field. The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields
will return valid
values based on this date-time, except NANO_OF_DAY
, MICRO_OF_DAY
,
EPOCH_DAY
, PROLEPTIC_MONTH
and INSTANT_SECONDS
which are too
large to fit in an int
and throw a DateTimeException
.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
get
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
get
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to get, not nullDateTimeException
- if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
the value is outside the range of valid values for the fieldUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supported or
the range of values exceeds an int
ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic long getLong(TemporalField field)
long
.
This queries this date-time for the value of the specified field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields
will return valid
values based on this date-time.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
getLong
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
getLong
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to get, not nullDateTimeException
- if a value for the field cannot be obtainedUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supportedArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZoneOffset getOffset()
This is the offset of the local date-time from UTC/Greenwich.
getOffset
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
public ZonedDateTime withEarlierOffsetAtOverlap()
This method only has any effect when the local time-line overlaps, such as at an autumn daylight savings cutover. In this scenario, there are two valid offsets for the local date-time. Calling this method will return a zoned date-time with the earlier of the two selected.
If this method is called when it is not an overlap, this
is returned.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
withEarlierOffsetAtOverlap
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the earlier offset, not nullpublic ZonedDateTime withLaterOffsetAtOverlap()
This method only has any effect when the local time-line overlaps, such as at an autumn daylight savings cutover. In this scenario, there are two valid offsets for the local date-time. Calling this method will return a zoned date-time with the later of the two selected.
If this method is called when it is not an overlap, this
is returned.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
withLaterOffsetAtOverlap
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the later offset, not nullpublic ZoneId getZone()
This returns the zone ID. This identifies the time-zone rules
that determine when and how the offset from UTC/Greenwich changes.
The zone ID may be same as the offset.
If this is true, then any future calculations, such as addition or subtraction,
have no complex edge cases due to time-zone rules.
See also withFixedOffsetZone()
.
getZone
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
public ZonedDateTime withZoneSameLocal(ZoneId zone)
This method changes the time-zone and retains the local date-time.
The local date-time is only changed if it is invalid for the new zone,
determined using the same approach as
ofLocal(LocalDateTime, ZoneId, ZoneOffset)
.
To change the zone and adjust the local date-time,
use withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId)
.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
withZoneSameLocal
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
zone
- the time-zone to change to, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested zone, not nullpublic ZonedDateTime withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId zone)
This method changes the time-zone and retains the instant. This normally results in a change to the local date-time.
This method is based on retaining the same instant, thus gaps and overlaps in the local time-line have no effect on the result.
To change the offset while keeping the local time,
use withZoneSameLocal(ZoneId)
.
withZoneSameInstant
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
zone
- the time-zone to change to, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested zone, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime withFixedOffsetZone()
This returns a zoned date-time where the zone ID is the same as getOffset()
.
The local date-time, offset and instant of the result will be the same as in this date-time.
Setting the date-time to a fixed single offset means that any future calculations, such as addition or subtraction, have no complex edge cases due to time-zone rules. This might also be useful when sending a zoned date-time across a network, as most protocols, such as ISO-8601, only handle offsets, and not region-based zone IDs.
This is equivalent to ZonedDateTime.of(zdt.toLocalDateTime(), zdt.getOffset())
.
ZonedDateTime
with the zone ID set to the offset, not nullpublic LocalDateTime toLocalDateTime()
LocalDateTime
part of this date-time.
This returns a LocalDateTime
with the same year, month, day and time
as this date-time.
toLocalDateTime
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
public LocalDate toLocalDate()
LocalDate
part of this date-time.
This returns a LocalDate
with the same year, month and day
as this date-time.
toLocalDate
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
public int getYear()
This method returns the primitive int
value for the year.
The year returned by this method is proleptic as per get(YEAR)
.
To obtain the year-of-era, use get(YEAR_OF_ERA)
.
public int getMonthValue()
This method returns the month as an int
from 1 to 12.
Application code is frequently clearer if the enum Month
is used by calling getMonth()
.
getMonth()
public Month getMonth()
Month
enum.
This method returns the enum Month
for the month.
This avoids confusion as to what int
values mean.
If you need access to the primitive int
value then the enum
provides the int value
.
getMonthValue()
public int getDayOfMonth()
This method returns the primitive int
value for the day-of-month.
public int getDayOfYear()
This method returns the primitive int
value for the day-of-year.
public DayOfWeek getDayOfWeek()
DayOfWeek
.
This method returns the enum DayOfWeek
for the day-of-week.
This avoids confusion as to what int
values mean.
If you need access to the primitive int
value then the enum
provides the int value
.
Additional information can be obtained from the DayOfWeek
.
This includes textual names of the values.
public LocalTime toLocalTime()
LocalTime
part of this date-time.
This returns a LocalTime
with the same hour, minute, second and
nanosecond as this date-time.
toLocalTime
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
public int getHour()
public int getMinute()
public int getSecond()
public int getNano()
public ZonedDateTime with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)
This returns a ZonedDateTime
, based on this one, with the date-time adjusted.
The adjustment takes place using the specified adjuster strategy object.
Read the documentation of the adjuster to understand what adjustment will be made.
A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field.
A more complex adjuster might set the date to the last day of the month.
A selection of common adjustments is provided in
TemporalAdjusters
.
These include finding the "last day of the month" and "next Wednesday".
Key date-time classes also implement the TemporalAdjuster
interface,
such as Month
and MonthDay
.
The adjuster is responsible for handling special cases, such as the varying
lengths of month and leap years.
For example this code returns a date on the last day of July:
import static java.time.Month.*; import static java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.*; result = zonedDateTime.with(JULY).with(lastDayOfMonth());
The classes LocalDate
and LocalTime
implement TemporalAdjuster
,
thus this method can be used to change the date, time or offset:
result = zonedDateTime.with(date); result = zonedDateTime.with(time);
ZoneOffset
also implements TemporalAdjuster
however using it
as an argument typically has no effect. The offset of a ZonedDateTime
is
controlled primarily by the time-zone. As such, changing the offset does not generally
make sense, because there is only one valid offset for the local date-time and zone.
If the zoned date-time is in a daylight savings overlap, then the offset is used
to switch between the two valid offsets. In all other cases, the offset is ignored.
The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
TemporalAdjuster.adjustInto(Temporal)
method on the
specified adjuster passing this
as the argument.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
with
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
with
in interface Temporal
adjuster
- the adjuster to use, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this
with the adjustment made, not nullDateTimeException
- if the adjustment cannot be madeArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZonedDateTime with(TemporalField field, long newValue)
This returns a ZonedDateTime
, based on this one, with the value
for the specified field changed.
This can be used to change any supported field, such as the year, month or day-of-month.
If it is not possible to set the value, because the field is not supported or for
some other reason, an exception is thrown.
In some cases, changing the specified field can cause the resulting date-time to become invalid, such as changing the month from 31st January to February would make the day-of-month invalid. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the date. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the adjustment is implemented here.
The INSTANT_SECONDS
field will return a date-time with the specified instant.
The zone and nano-of-second are unchanged.
The result will have an offset derived from the new instant and original zone.
If the new instant value is outside the valid range then a DateTimeException
will be thrown.
The OFFSET_SECONDS
field will typically be ignored.
The offset of a ZonedDateTime
is controlled primarily by the time-zone.
As such, changing the offset does not generally make sense, because there is only
one valid offset for the local date-time and zone.
If the zoned date-time is in a daylight savings overlap, then the offset is used
to switch between the two valid offsets. In all other cases, the offset is ignored.
If the new offset value is outside the valid range then a DateTimeException
will be thrown.
The other supported fields
will behave as per
the matching method on LocalDateTime
.
The zone is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.adjustInto(Temporal, long)
passing this
as the argument. In this case, the field determines
whether and how to adjust the instant.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
with
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
with
in interface Temporal
field
- the field to set in the result, not nullnewValue
- the new value of the field in the resultZonedDateTime
based on this
with the specified field set, not nullDateTimeException
- if the field cannot be setUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supportedArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZonedDateTime withYear(int year)
ZonedDateTime
with the year altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the year
of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
year
- the year to set in the result, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEARZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested year, not nullDateTimeException
- if the year value is invalidpublic ZonedDateTime withMonth(int month)
ZonedDateTime
with the month-of-year altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the month
of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
month
- the month-of-year to set in the result, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested month, not nullDateTimeException
- if the month-of-year value is invalidpublic ZonedDateTime withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth)
ZonedDateTime
with the day-of-month altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the day-of-month
of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
dayOfMonth
- the day-of-month to set in the result, from 1 to 28-31ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested day, not nullDateTimeException
- if the day-of-month value is invalid,
or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-yearpublic ZonedDateTime withDayOfYear(int dayOfYear)
ZonedDateTime
with the day-of-year altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the day-of-year
of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
dayOfYear
- the day-of-year to set in the result, from 1 to 365-366ZonedDateTime
based on this date with the requested day, not nullDateTimeException
- if the day-of-year value is invalid,
or if the day-of-year is invalid for the yearpublic ZonedDateTime withHour(int hour)
ZonedDateTime
with the hour-of-day altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the time of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
hour
- the hour-of-day to set in the result, from 0 to 23ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested hour, not nullDateTimeException
- if the hour value is invalidpublic ZonedDateTime withMinute(int minute)
ZonedDateTime
with the minute-of-hour altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the time of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
minute
- the minute-of-hour to set in the result, from 0 to 59ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested minute, not nullDateTimeException
- if the minute value is invalidpublic ZonedDateTime withSecond(int second)
ZonedDateTime
with the second-of-minute altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the time of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
second
- the second-of-minute to set in the result, from 0 to 59ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested second, not nullDateTimeException
- if the second value is invalidpublic ZonedDateTime withNano(int nanoOfSecond)
ZonedDateTime
with the nano-of-second altered.
This operates on the local time-line,
changing the time of the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
nanoOfSecond
- the nano-of-second to set in the result, from 0 to 999,999,999ZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the requested nanosecond, not nullDateTimeException
- if the nano value is invalidpublic ZonedDateTime truncatedTo(TemporalUnit unit)
ZonedDateTime
with the time truncated.
Truncation returns a copy of the original date-time with fields
smaller than the specified unit set to zero.
For example, truncating with the minutes
unit
will set the second-of-minute and nano-of-second field to zero.
The unit must have a duration
that divides into the length of a standard day without remainder.
This includes all supplied time units on ChronoUnit
and
DAYS
. Other units throw an exception.
This operates on the local time-line,
truncating
the underlying local date-time. This is then converted back to a
ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
unit
- the unit to truncate to, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the time truncated, not nullDateTimeException
- if unable to truncateUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the unit is not supportedpublic ZonedDateTime plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd)
This returns a ZonedDateTime
, based on this one, with the specified amount added.
The amount is typically Period
or Duration
but may be
any other type implementing the TemporalAmount
interface.
The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
TemporalAmount.addTo(Temporal)
. The amount implementation is free
to implement the addition in any way it wishes, however it typically
calls back to plus(long, TemporalUnit)
. Consult the documentation
of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully added.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
plus
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
plus
in interface Temporal
amountToAdd
- the amount to add, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the addition made, not nullDateTimeException
- if the addition cannot be madeArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZonedDateTime plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit)
This returns a ZonedDateTime
, based on this one, with the amount
in terms of the unit added. If it is not possible to add the amount, because the
unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoUnit
then the addition is implemented here.
The zone is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged in the result.
The calculation for date and time units differ.
Date units operate on the local time-line.
The period is first added to the local date-time, then converted back
to a zoned date-time using the zone ID.
The conversion uses ofLocal(LocalDateTime, ZoneId, ZoneOffset)
with the offset before the addition.
Time units operate on the instant time-line.
The period is first added to the local date-time, then converted back to
a zoned date-time using the zone ID.
The conversion uses ofInstant(LocalDateTime, ZoneOffset, ZoneId)
with the offset before the addition.
If the field is not a ChronoUnit
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalUnit.addTo(Temporal, long)
passing this
as the argument. In this case, the unit determines
whether and how to perform the addition.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
plus
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
plus
in interface Temporal
amountToAdd
- the amount of the unit to add to the result, may be negativeunit
- the unit of the amount to add, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the specified amount added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the addition cannot be madeUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the unit is not supportedArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZonedDateTime plusYears(long years)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of years added.
This operates on the local time-line,
adding years
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
years
- the years to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the years added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusMonths(long months)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of months added.
This operates on the local time-line,
adding months
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
months
- the months to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the months added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusWeeks(long weeks)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of weeks added.
This operates on the local time-line,
adding weeks
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
weeks
- the weeks to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the weeks added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusDays(long days)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of days added.
This operates on the local time-line,
adding days
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
days
- the days to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the days added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusHours(long hours)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of hours added.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that adding one hour will always be a duration of one hour later. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one hour. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years, thus adding one day is not the same as adding 24 hours.
For example, consider a time-zone where the spring DST cutover means that the local times 01:00 to 01:59 occur twice changing from offset +02:00 to +01:00.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
hours
- the hours to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the hours added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusMinutes(long minutes)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of minutes added.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that adding one minute will always be a duration of one minute later. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one minute. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
minutes
- the minutes to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the minutes added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusSeconds(long seconds)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of seconds added.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that adding one second will always be a duration of one second later. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one second. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
seconds
- the seconds to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the seconds added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime plusNanos(long nanos)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of nanoseconds added.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that adding one nano will always be a duration of one nano later. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one nano. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
nanos
- the nanos to add, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the nanoseconds added, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract)
This returns a ZonedDateTime
, based on this one, with the specified amount subtracted.
The amount is typically Period
or Duration
but may be
any other type implementing the TemporalAmount
interface.
The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
TemporalAmount.subtractFrom(Temporal)
. The amount implementation is free
to implement the subtraction in any way it wishes, however it typically
calls back to minus(long, TemporalUnit)
. Consult the documentation
of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully subtracted.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
minus
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
minus
in interface Temporal
amountToSubtract
- the amount to subtract, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the subtraction made, not nullDateTimeException
- if the subtraction cannot be madeArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZonedDateTime minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit)
This returns a ZonedDateTime
, based on this one, with the amount
in terms of the unit subtracted. If it is not possible to subtract the amount,
because the unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
The calculation for date and time units differ.
Date units operate on the local time-line.
The period is first subtracted from the local date-time, then converted back
to a zoned date-time using the zone ID.
The conversion uses ofLocal(LocalDateTime, ZoneId, ZoneOffset)
with the offset before the subtraction.
Time units operate on the instant time-line.
The period is first subtracted from the local date-time, then converted back to
a zoned date-time using the zone ID.
The conversion uses ofInstant(LocalDateTime, ZoneOffset, ZoneId)
with the offset before the subtraction.
This method is equivalent to plus(long, TemporalUnit)
with the amount negated.
See that method for a full description of how addition, and thus subtraction, works.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
minus
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
minus
in interface Temporal
amountToSubtract
- the amount of the unit to subtract from the result, may be negativeunit
- the unit of the amount to subtract, not nullZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the specified amount subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the subtraction cannot be madeUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the unit is not supportedArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic ZonedDateTime minusYears(long years)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of years subtracted.
This operates on the local time-line,
subtracting years
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
years
- the years to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the years subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusMonths(long months)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of months subtracted.
This operates on the local time-line,
subtracting months
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
months
- the months to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the months subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusWeeks(long weeks)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of weeks subtracted.
This operates on the local time-line,
subtracting weeks
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
weeks
- the weeks to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the weeks subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusDays(long days)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of days subtracted.
This operates on the local time-line,
subtracting days
to the local date-time.
This is then converted back to a ZonedDateTime
, using the zone ID
to obtain the offset.
When converting back to ZonedDateTime
, if the local date-time is in an overlap,
then the offset will be retained if possible, otherwise the earlier offset will be used.
If in a gap, the local date-time will be adjusted forward by the length of the gap.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
days
- the days to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the days subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusHours(long hours)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of hours subtracted.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that subtracting one hour will always be a duration of one hour earlier. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one hour. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years, thus subtracting one day is not the same as adding 24 hours.
For example, consider a time-zone where the spring DST cutover means that the local times 01:00 to 01:59 occur twice changing from offset +02:00 to +01:00.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
hours
- the hours to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the hours subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusMinutes(long minutes)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of minutes subtracted.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that subtracting one minute will always be a duration of one minute earlier. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one minute. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
minutes
- the minutes to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the minutes subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusSeconds(long seconds)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of seconds subtracted.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that subtracting one second will always be a duration of one second earlier. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one second. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
seconds
- the seconds to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the seconds subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic ZonedDateTime minusNanos(long nanos)
ZonedDateTime
with the specified number of nanoseconds subtracted.
This operates on the instant time-line, such that subtracting one nano will always be a duration of one nano earlier. This may cause the local date-time to change by an amount other than one nano. Note that this is a different approach to that used by days, months and years.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
nanos
- the nanos to subtract, may be negativeZonedDateTime
based on this date-time with the nanoseconds subtracted, not nullDateTimeException
- if the result exceeds the supported date rangepublic <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query)
This queries this date-time using the specified query strategy object.
The TemporalQuery
object defines the logic to be used to
obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
what the result of this method will be.
The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
TemporalQuery.queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)
method on the
specified query passing this
as the argument.
query
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
query
in interface TemporalAccessor
R
- the type of the resultquery
- the query to invoke, not nullDateTimeException
- if unable to query (defined by the query)ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit)
This calculates the amount of time between two ZonedDateTime
objects in terms of a single TemporalUnit
.
The start and end points are this
and the specified date-time.
The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
For example, the amount in days between two date-times can be calculated
using startDateTime.until(endDateTime, DAYS)
.
The Temporal
passed to this method is converted to a
ZonedDateTime
using from(TemporalAccessor)
.
If the time-zone differs between the two zoned date-times, the specified
end date-time is normalized to have the same zone as this date-time.
The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of complete units between the two date-times. For example, the amount in months between 2012-06-15T00:00Z and 2012-08-14T23:59Z will only be one month as it is one minute short of two months.
There are two equivalent ways of using this method.
The first is to invoke this method.
The second is to use TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)
:
// these two lines are equivalent amount = start.until(end, MONTHS); amount = MONTHS.between(start, end);The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.
The calculation is implemented in this method for ChronoUnit
.
The units NANOS
, MICROS
, MILLIS
, SECONDS
,
MINUTES
, HOURS
and HALF_DAYS
, DAYS
,
WEEKS
, MONTHS
, YEARS
, DECADES
,
CENTURIES
, MILLENNIA
and ERAS
are supported.
Other ChronoUnit
values will throw an exception.
The calculation for date and time units differ.
Date units operate on the local time-line, using the local date-time. For example, the period from noon on day 1 to noon the following day in days will always be counted as exactly one day, irrespective of whether there was a daylight savings change or not.
Time units operate on the instant time-line. The calculation effectively converts both zoned date-times to instants and then calculates the period between the instants. For example, the period from noon on day 1 to noon the following day in hours may be 23, 24 or 25 hours (or some other amount) depending on whether there was a daylight savings change or not.
If the unit is not a ChronoUnit
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)
passing this
as the first argument and the converted input temporal
as the second argument.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
until
in interface Temporal
endExclusive
- the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a ZonedDateTime
, not nullunit
- the unit to measure the amount in, not nullDateTimeException
- if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
temporal cannot be converted to a ZonedDateTime
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the unit is not supportedArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic String format(DateTimeFormatter formatter)
This date-time will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.
format
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
formatter
- the formatter to use, not nullDateTimeException
- if an error occurs during printingpublic OffsetDateTime toOffsetDateTime()
OffsetDateTime
.
This creates an offset date-time using the local date-time and offset. The zone ID is ignored.
public boolean equals(Object obj)
The comparison is based on the offset date-time and the zone.
Only objects of type ZonedDateTime
are compared, other types return false.
equals
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
equals
in class Object
obj
- the object to check, null returns falseObject.hashCode()
,
HashMap
public int hashCode()
hashCode
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
hashCode
in class Object
Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
,
System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)
public String toString()
String
, such as
2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris]
.
The format consists of the LocalDateTime
followed by the ZoneOffset
.
If the ZoneId
is not the same as the offset, then the ID is output.
The output is compatible with ISO-8601 if the offset and ID are the same.
toString
in interface ChronoZonedDateTime<LocalDate>
toString
in class Object
Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.