Package com.google.common.collect

Interface Multiset<E extends @Nullable Object>

  • All Superinterfaces:
    Collection<E>, Iterable<E>
    All Known Subinterfaces:
    SortedMultiset<E>, com.google.common.collect.SortedMultisetBridge<E>
    All Known Implementing Classes:
    ConcurrentHashMultiset, EnumMultiset, ForwardingMultiset, ForwardingSortedMultiset, ForwardingSortedMultiset.StandardDescendingMultiset, HashMultiset, ImmutableMultiset, ImmutableSortedMultiset, LinkedHashMultiset, TreeMultiset
    @GwtCompatible
public interface Multiset<E extends @Nullable Object>
extends Collection<E>
    A collection that supports order-independent equality, like Set, but may have duplicate elements. A multiset is also sometimes called a bag.

    Elements of a multiset that are equal to one another are referred to as occurrences of the same single element. The total number of occurrences of an element in a multiset is called the count of that element (the terms "frequency" and "multiplicity" are equivalent, but not used in this API). Since the count of an element is represented as an int, a multiset may never contain more than Integer.MAX_VALUE occurrences of any one element.

    Multiset refines the specifications of several methods from Collection. It also defines an additional query operation, count(java.lang.Object), which returns the count of an element. There are five new bulk-modification operations, for example add(Object, int), to add or remove multiple occurrences of an element at once, or to set the count of an element to a specific value. These modification operations are optional, but implementations which support the standard collection operations add(Object) or remove(Object) are encouraged to implement the related methods as well. Finally, two collection views are provided: elementSet() contains the distinct elements of the multiset "with duplicates collapsed", and entrySet() is similar but contains Multiset.Entry instances, each providing both a distinct element and the count of that element.

    In addition to these required methods, implementations of Multiset are expected to provide two static creation methods: create(), returning an empty multiset, and create(Iterable<? extends E>), returning a multiset containing the given initial elements. This is simply a refinement of Collection's constructor recommendations, reflecting the new developments of Java 5.

    As with other collection types, the modification operations are optional, and should throw UnsupportedOperationException when they are not implemented. Most implementations should support either all add operations or none of them, all removal operations or none of them, and if and only if all of these are supported, the setCount methods as well.

    A multiset uses Object.equals(java.lang.Object) to determine whether two instances should be considered "the same," unless specified otherwise by the implementation.

    Warning: as with normal Sets, it is almost always a bad idea to modify an element (in a way that affects its Object.equals(java.lang.Object) behavior) while it is contained in a multiset. Undefined behavior and bugs will result.

    Common implementations include ImmutableMultiset, HashMultiset, and ConcurrentHashMultiset.

    If your values may be zero, negative, or outside the range of an int, you may wish to use AtomicLongMap instead. Note, however, that unlike Multiset, AtomicLongMap does not automatically remove zeros.

    See the Guava User Guide article on Multiset.

    Since:
    2.0
    Author:
    Kevin Bourrillion

    • Nested Class Summary

      Nested Classes 
      Modifier and Type Interface Description
      static interface  Multiset.Entry<E extends @Nullable Object>
      An unmodifiable element-count pair for a multiset.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Default Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      boolean add​(E element)
      Adds a single occurrence of the specified element to this multiset.
      int add​(E element, int occurrences)
      Adds a number of occurrences of an element to this multiset.
      boolean contains​(Object element)
      Determines whether this multiset contains the specified element.
      boolean containsAll​(Collection<?> elements)
      Returns true if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of each element in the specified collection.
      int count​(Object element)
      Returns the number of occurrences of an element in this multiset (the count of the element).
      Set<E> elementSet()
      Returns the set of distinct elements contained in this multiset.
      Set<Multiset.Entry<E>> entrySet()
      Returns a view of the contents of this multiset, grouped into Multiset.Entry instances, each providing an element of the multiset and the count of that element.
      boolean equals​(Object object)
      Compares the specified object with this multiset for equality.
      default void forEach​(Consumer<? super E> action)
      Performs the given action for each element of the Iterable until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception.
      default void forEachEntry​(ObjIntConsumer<? super E> action)
      Runs the specified action for each distinct element in this multiset, and the number of occurrences of that element.
      int hashCode()
      Returns the hash code for this multiset.
      Iterator<E> iterator()
      Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.
      boolean remove​(Object element)
      Removes a single occurrence of the specified element from this multiset, if present.
      int remove​(Object element, int occurrences)
      Removes a number of occurrences of the specified element from this multiset.
      boolean removeAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Removes all of this collection's elements that are also contained in the specified collection (optional operation).
      boolean retainAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Retains only the elements in this collection that are contained in the specified collection (optional operation).
      int setCount​(E element, int count)
      Adds or removes the necessary occurrences of an element such that the element attains the desired count.
      boolean setCount​(E element, int oldCount, int newCount)
      Conditionally sets the count of an element to a new value, as described in setCount(Object, int), provided that the element has the expected current count.
      int size()
      Returns the total number of all occurrences of all elements in this multiset.
      default Spliterator<E> spliterator()
      Creates a Spliterator over the elements in this collection.
      String toString()
      Returns a string representation of the object.

    • Method Detail

      • size

        int size()
        Returns the total number of all occurrences of all elements in this multiset.

        Note: this method does not return the number of distinct elements in the multiset, which is given by entrySet().size().

        Specified by:
        size in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Returns:
        the number of elements in this collection

      • add

        @CanIgnoreReturnValue
int add​(E element,
        int occurrences)
        Adds a number of occurrences of an element to this multiset. Note that if occurrences == 1, this method has the identical effect to add(Object). This method is functionally equivalent (except in the case of overflow) to the call addAll(Collections.nCopies(element, occurrences)), which would presumably perform much more poorly.
        Parameters:
        element - the element to add occurrences of; may be null only if explicitly allowed by the implementation
        occurrences - the number of occurrences of the element to add. May be zero, in which case no change will be made.
        Returns:
        the count of the element before the operation; possibly zero
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if occurrences is negative, or if this operation would result in more than Integer.MAX_VALUE occurrences of the element
        NullPointerException - if element is null and this implementation does not permit null elements. Note that if occurrences is zero, the implementation may opt to return normally.

      • add

        @CanIgnoreReturnValue
boolean add​(E element)
        Adds a single occurrence of the specified element to this multiset.

        This method refines Collection.add(E), which only ensures the presence of the element, to further specify that a successful call must always increment the count of the element, and the overall size of the collection, by one.

        To both add the element and obtain the previous count of that element, use add(element, 1) instead.

        Specified by:
        add in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Parameters:
        element - the element to add one occurrence of; may be null only if explicitly allowed by the implementation
        Returns:
        true always, since this call is required to modify the multiset, unlike other Collection types
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if element is null and this implementation does not permit null elements
        IllegalArgumentException - if Integer.MAX_VALUE occurrences of element are already contained in this multiset

      • remove

        @CanIgnoreReturnValue
int remove​(@CompatibleWith("E") @CheckForNull
           Object element,
           int occurrences)
        Removes a number of occurrences of the specified element from this multiset. If the multiset contains fewer than this number of occurrences to begin with, all occurrences will be removed. Note that if occurrences == 1, this is functionally equivalent to the call remove(element).
        Parameters:
        element - the element to conditionally remove occurrences of
        occurrences - the number of occurrences of the element to remove. May be zero, in which case no change will be made.
        Returns:
        the count of the element before the operation; possibly zero
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if occurrences is negative

      • remove

        @CanIgnoreReturnValue
boolean remove​(@CheckForNull
               Object element)
        Removes a single occurrence of the specified element from this multiset, if present.

        This method refines Collection.remove(java.lang.Object) to further specify that it may not throw an exception in response to element being null or of the wrong type.

        To both remove the element and obtain the previous count of that element, use remove(element, 1) instead.

        Specified by:
        remove in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Parameters:
        element - the element to remove one occurrence of
        Returns:
        true if an occurrence was found and removed

      • setCount

        @CanIgnoreReturnValue
int setCount​(E element,
             int count)
        Adds or removes the necessary occurrences of an element such that the element attains the desired count.
        Parameters:
        element - the element to add or remove occurrences of; may be null only if explicitly allowed by the implementation
        count - the desired count of the element in this multiset
        Returns:
        the count of the element before the operation; possibly zero
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if count is negative
        NullPointerException - if element is null and this implementation does not permit null elements. Note that if count is zero, the implementor may optionally return zero instead.

      • setCount

        @CanIgnoreReturnValue
boolean setCount​(E element,
                 int oldCount,
                 int newCount)
        Conditionally sets the count of an element to a new value, as described in setCount(Object, int), provided that the element has the expected current count. If the current count is not oldCount, no change is made.
        Parameters:
        element - the element to conditionally set the count of; may be null only if explicitly allowed by the implementation
        oldCount - the expected present count of the element in this multiset
        newCount - the desired count of the element in this multiset
        Returns:
        true if the condition for modification was met. This implies that the multiset was indeed modified, unless oldCount == newCount.
        Throws:
        IllegalArgumentException - if oldCount or newCount is negative
        NullPointerException - if element is null and the implementation does not permit null elements. Note that if oldCount and newCount are both zero, the implementor may optionally return true instead.

      • elementSet

        Set<E> elementSet()
        Returns the set of distinct elements contained in this multiset. The element set is backed by the same data as the multiset, so any change to either is immediately reflected in the other. The order of the elements in the element set is unspecified.

        If the element set supports any removal operations, these necessarily cause all occurrences of the removed element(s) to be removed from the multiset. Implementations are not expected to support the add operations, although this is possible.

        A common use for the element set is to find the number of distinct elements in the multiset: elementSet().size().

        Returns:
        a view of the set of distinct elements in this multiset

      • entrySet

        Set<Multiset.Entry<E>> entrySet()
        Returns a view of the contents of this multiset, grouped into Multiset.Entry instances, each providing an element of the multiset and the count of that element. This set contains exactly one entry for each distinct element in the multiset (thus it always has the same size as the elementSet()). The order of the elements in the element set is unspecified.

        The entry set is backed by the same data as the multiset, so any change to either is immediately reflected in the other. However, multiset changes may or may not be reflected in any Entry instances already retrieved from the entry set (this is implementation-dependent). Furthermore, implementations are not required to support modifications to the entry set at all, and the Entry instances themselves don't even have methods for modification. See the specific implementation class for more details on how its entry set handles modifications.

        Returns:
        a set of entries representing the data of this multiset

      • forEachEntry

        @Beta
default void forEachEntry​(ObjIntConsumer<? super E> action)
        Runs the specified action for each distinct element in this multiset, and the number of occurrences of that element. For some Multiset implementations, this may be more efficient than iterating over the entrySet() either explicitly or with entrySet().forEach(action).
        Since:
        21.0

      • equals

        boolean equals​(@CheckForNull
               Object object)
        Compares the specified object with this multiset for equality. Returns true if the given object is also a multiset and contains equal elements with equal counts, regardless of order.
        Specified by:
        equals in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Overrides:
        equals in class Object
        Parameters:
        object - the reference object with which to compare.
        Returns:
        true if this object is the same as the obj argument; false otherwise.
        See Also:
        Object.hashCode(), HashMap

      • toString

        String toString()
        Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the toString method returns a string that "textually represents" this object. The result should be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a person to read. It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.

        The toString method for class Object returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the object is an instance, the at-sign character `@', and the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the value of: 

         getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())

        It is recommended, though not mandatory, that this method return the result of invoking toString() on the entrySet(), yielding a result such as [a x 3, c, d x 2, e].

        Overrides:
        toString in class Object
        Returns:
        a string representation of the object.

      • iterator

        Iterator<E> iterator()
        Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection. There are no guarantees concerning the order in which the elements are returned (unless this collection is an instance of some class that provides a guarantee).

        Elements that occur multiple times in the multiset will appear multiple times in this iterator, though not necessarily sequentially.

        Specified by:
        iterator in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Specified by:
        iterator in interface Iterable<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Returns:
        an Iterator over the elements in this collection

      • contains

        boolean contains​(@CheckForNull
                 Object element)
        Determines whether this multiset contains the specified element.

        This method refines Collection.contains(java.lang.Object) to further specify that it may not throw an exception in response to element being null or of the wrong type.

        Specified by:
        contains in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Parameters:
        element - the element to check for
        Returns:
        true if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of the element

      • containsAll

        boolean containsAll​(Collection<?> elements)
        Returns true if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of each element in the specified collection.

        This method refines Collection.containsAll(java.util.Collection<?>) to further specify that it may not throw an exception in response to any of elements being null or of the wrong type.

        Note: this method does not take into account the occurrence count of an element in the two collections; it may still return true even if elements contains several occurrences of an element and this multiset contains only one. This is no different than any other collection type like List, but it may be unexpected to the user of a multiset.

        Specified by:
        containsAll in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Parameters:
        elements - the collection of elements to be checked for containment in this multiset
        Returns:
        true if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of each element contained in elements
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if elements is null
        See Also:
        Collection.contains(Object)

      • forEach

        default void forEach​(Consumer<? super E> action)
        Performs the given action for each element of the Iterable until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception. Actions are performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified. Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.

        The behavior of this method is unspecified if the action performs side-effects that modify the underlying source of elements, unless an overriding class has specified a concurrent modification policy.

        Elements that occur multiple times in the multiset will be passed to the Consumer correspondingly many times, though not necessarily sequentially.

        Specified by:
        forEach in interface Iterable<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Parameters:
        action - The action to be performed for each element

      • spliterator

        default Spliterator<E> spliterator()
        Description copied from interface: java.util.Collection
        Creates a Spliterator over the elements in this collection. Implementations should document characteristic values reported by the spliterator. Such characteristic values are not required to be reported if the spliterator reports Spliterator.SIZED and this collection contains no elements.

        The default implementation should be overridden by subclasses that can return a more efficient spliterator. In order to preserve expected laziness behavior for the Collection.stream() and Collection.parallelStream() methods, spliterators should either have the characteristic of IMMUTABLE or CONCURRENT, or be late-binding. If none of these is practical, the overriding class should describe the spliterator's documented policy of binding and structural interference, and should override the Collection.stream() and Collection.parallelStream() methods to create streams using a Supplier of the spliterator, as in: 

        
     Stream<E> s = StreamSupport.stream(() -> spliterator(), spliteratorCharacteristics)

        These requirements ensure that streams produced by the Collection.stream() and Collection.parallelStream() methods will reflect the contents of the collection as of initiation of the terminal stream operation.

        Specified by:
        spliterator in interface Collection<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Specified by:
        spliterator in interface Iterable<E extends @Nullable Object>
        Returns:
        a Spliterator over the elements in this collection