Module java.base
Package java.time.temporal

Class TemporalQueries

java.lang.Object
java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries
public final class TemporalQueries
extends Object
Common implementations of TemporalQuery.

This class provides common implementations of TemporalQuery. These are defined here as they must be constants, and the definition of lambdas does not guarantee that. By assigning them once here, they become 'normal' Java constants.

Queries are a key tool for extracting information from temporal objects. They exist to externalize the process of querying, permitting different approaches, as per the strategy design pattern. Examples might be a query that checks if the date is the day before February 29th in a leap year, or calculates the number of days to your next birthday.

The TemporalField interface provides another mechanism for querying temporal objects. That interface is limited to returning a long. By contrast, queries can return any type.

There are two equivalent ways of using a TemporalQuery. The first is to invoke the method on this interface directly. The second is to use TemporalAccessor.query(TemporalQuery): 

   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
   temporal = thisQuery.queryFrom(temporal);
   temporal = temporal.query(thisQuery);
It is recommended to use the second approach, query(TemporalQuery), as it is a lot clearer to read in code.

The most common implementations are method references, such as LocalDate::from and ZoneId::from. Additional common queries are provided to return:

  • a Chronology,
  • a LocalDate,
  • a LocalTime,
  • a ZoneOffset,
  • a precision,
  • a zone, or
  • a zoneId.

Since:
1.8

  • Method Details

    • zoneId

      public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()
      A strict query for the ZoneId.

      This queries a TemporalAccessor for the zone. The zone is only returned if the date-time conceptually contains a ZoneId. It will not be returned if the date-time only conceptually has an ZoneOffset. Thus a ZonedDateTime will return the result of getZone(), but an OffsetDateTime will return null.

      In most cases, applications should use zone() as this query is too strict.

      The result from JDK classes implementing TemporalAccessor is as follows:
      LocalDate returns null
      LocalTime returns null
      LocalDateTime returns null
      ZonedDateTime returns the associated zone
      OffsetTime returns null
      OffsetDateTime returns null
      ChronoLocalDate returns null
      ChronoLocalDateTime returns null
      ChronoZonedDateTime returns the associated zone
      Era returns null
      DayOfWeek returns null
      Month returns null
      Year returns null
      YearMonth returns null
      MonthDay returns null
      ZoneOffset returns null
      Instant returns null

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the zone ID of a temporal, not null

    • chronology

      public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()
      A query for the Chronology.

      This queries a TemporalAccessor for the chronology. If the target TemporalAccessor represents a date, or part of a date, then it should return the chronology that the date is expressed in. As a result of this definition, objects only representing time, such as LocalTime, will return null.

      The result from JDK classes implementing TemporalAccessor is as follows:
      LocalDate returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      LocalTime returns null (does not represent a date)
      LocalDateTime returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      ZonedDateTime returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      OffsetTime returns null (does not represent a date)
      OffsetDateTime returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      ChronoLocalDate returns the associated chronology
      ChronoLocalDateTime returns the associated chronology
      ChronoZonedDateTime returns the associated chronology
      Era returns the associated chronology
      DayOfWeek returns null (shared across chronologies)
      Month returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      Year returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      YearMonth returns IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      MonthDay returns null IsoChronology.INSTANCE
      ZoneOffset returns null (does not represent a date)
      Instant returns null (does not represent a date)

      The method Chronology.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery via a method reference, Chronology::from. That method is equivalent to this query, except that it throws an exception if a chronology cannot be obtained.

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the chronology of a temporal, not null

    • precision

      public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()
      A query for the smallest supported unit.

      This queries a TemporalAccessor for the time precision. If the target TemporalAccessor represents a consistent or complete date-time, date or time then this must return the smallest precision actually supported. Note that fields such as NANO_OF_DAY and NANO_OF_SECOND are defined to always return ignoring the precision, thus this is the only way to find the actual smallest supported unit. For example, were GregorianCalendar to implement TemporalAccessor it would return a precision of MILLIS.

      The result from JDK classes implementing TemporalAccessor is as follows:
      LocalDate returns DAYS
      LocalTime returns NANOS
      LocalDateTime returns NANOS
      ZonedDateTime returns NANOS
      OffsetTime returns NANOS
      OffsetDateTime returns NANOS
      ChronoLocalDate returns DAYS
      ChronoLocalDateTime returns NANOS
      ChronoZonedDateTime returns NANOS
      Era returns ERAS
      DayOfWeek returns DAYS
      Month returns MONTHS
      Year returns YEARS
      YearMonth returns MONTHS
      MonthDay returns null (does not represent a complete date or time)
      ZoneOffset returns null (does not represent a date or time)
      Instant returns NANOS

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the precision of a temporal, not null

    • zone

      public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()
      A lenient query for the ZoneId, falling back to the ZoneOffset.

      This queries a TemporalAccessor for the zone. It first tries to obtain the zone, using zoneId(). If that is not found it tries to obtain the offset(). Thus a ZonedDateTime will return the result of getZone(), while an OffsetDateTime will return the result of getOffset().

      In most cases, applications should use this query rather than #zoneId().

      The method ZoneId.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery via a method reference, ZoneId::from. That method is equivalent to this query, except that it throws an exception if a zone cannot be obtained.

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the zone ID or offset of a temporal, not null

    • offset

      public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()
      A query for ZoneOffset returning null if not found.

      This returns a TemporalQuery that can be used to query a temporal object for the offset. The query will return null if the temporal object cannot supply an offset.

      The query implementation examines the OFFSET_SECONDS field and uses it to create a ZoneOffset.

      The method ZoneOffset.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery via a method reference, ZoneOffset::from. This query and ZoneOffset::from will return the same result if the temporal object contains an offset. If the temporal object does not contain an offset, then the method reference will throw an exception, whereas this query will return null.

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the offset of a temporal, not null

    • localDate

      public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()
      A query for LocalDate returning null if not found.

      This returns a TemporalQuery that can be used to query a temporal object for the local date. The query will return null if the temporal object cannot supply a local date.

      The query implementation examines the EPOCH_DAY field and uses it to create a LocalDate.

      The method ZoneOffset.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery via a method reference, LocalDate::from. This query and LocalDate::from will return the same result if the temporal object contains a date. If the temporal object does not contain a date, then the method reference will throw an exception, whereas this query will return null.

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the date of a temporal, not null

    • localTime

      public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()
      A query for LocalTime returning null if not found.

      This returns a TemporalQuery that can be used to query a temporal object for the local time. The query will return null if the temporal object cannot supply a local time.

      The query implementation examines the NANO_OF_DAY field and uses it to create a LocalTime.

      The method ZoneOffset.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery via a method reference, LocalTime::from. This query and LocalTime::from will return the same result if the temporal object contains a time. If the temporal object does not contain a time, then the method reference will throw an exception, whereas this query will return null.

      Returns:
      a query that can obtain the time of a temporal, not null